PSG has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the net early on.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 years.